03 Oct Managed IT Services Glossary: Key Terms Every Business Owner Should Know
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, understanding key terms related to Managed IT Services is crucial for business owners seeking to leverage these services effectively. First and foremost, Managed IT Services refers to the practice of outsourcing the management and maintenance of a company’s IT infrastructure to a specialized provider.
Cybersecurity is perhaps the most critical term, encompassing strategies and tools to protect the organization’s digital assets from threats and breaches. Additionally, "Cloud Computing" refers to the utilization of remote servers and services over the internet, offering scalability and flexibility.
"Backup and Disaster Recovery" focuses on data protection and the ability to recover quickly from unforeseen incidents. Understanding these key terms is a significant step for business owners in harnessing the benefits of Managed IT Services to enhance efficiency, security, and competitiveness in today’s technology-driven business environment.
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.1%, it is anticipated that the global managed services market would increase from USD 223.0 billion in 2020 to USD 329.1 billion in 2025.
Let’s discuss the details about it………
How Can Managed IT Service Help Small Businesses Expand Their Workforce?
Managed IT services can play a crucial role in helping small businesses expand their workforce by providing the necessary technology infrastructure and support. Here’s how they can assist in this process:
1. Scalability: Managed IT services can easily scale up or down to accommodate the changing needs of a growing business. As a small business expands its workforce, it may need to add more computers, software licenses, and network resources.
2. Security: As a workforce grows, the risk of cybersecurity threats also increases. Managed IT services can implement robust security measures and regular security audits to protect against data breaches and cyberattacks.
3. 24/7 Monitoring and Support: Small businesses may not have the resources for an in-house IT team that can provide round-the-clock support. Managed IT services offer 24/7 monitoring and support and minimizing downtime.
4. Cost Efficiency: Outsourcing IT services can be cost-effective for small businesses. Instead of hiring full-time IT staff, businesses can pay for the services they need, reducing overhead costs associated with salaries and benefits.
5. Focus on Core Competencies: By outsourcing IT management to professionals, small business owners and employees can concentrate on their core competencies and strategic business objectives rather than dealing with technical issues.
Managed IT services provide small businesses with the technical expertise, scalability, security, and support needed to successfully expand their workforce. By outsourcing IT management, businesses can focus on growth and innovation while leaving the technology aspect to professionals.
Choosing the Right Managed IT Services Provider
Choosing the right managed IT services provider is a crucial decision for your organization, as it will directly impact your IT infrastructure, security, and overall business operations. Here are key steps and considerations to help you make an informed choice:
- Define Your Needs and Goals:
Start by identifying your organization’s specific IT needs and goals. Consider your current challenges, future growth plans, and any compliance requirements.
- Evaluate Experience and Expertise:
Look for managed IT service providers with a proven track record and experience in your industry or a similar one.
Assess their technical expertise, certifications, and the qualifications of their IT professionals.
- Cost Structure:
Clearly understand the provider’s pricing structure and ensure it aligns with your budget. Be wary of hidden fees or unexpected costs that may arise.
Managed IT services provider is a long-term commitment, so take your time in evaluating potential candidates. It’s essential to select a partner that aligns with your organization’s values, goals, and technological needs to ensure a successful and productive partnership.
Why You Need to Know About Managed IT Services in Bangladesh?
Understanding managed IT services in Bangladesh can be essential for several reasons, whether you are a business owner, an IT professional, or simply interested in the technology landscape of the country. Here are some compelling reasons why you might need to know about managed IT services in Bangladesh:
- Business Growth and Development: If you’re a business owner or entrepreneur operating in Bangladesh, knowing about managed IT services can help you leverage technology to scale your business efficiently.
- Cost Optimization: Understanding managed IT services can help businesses in Bangladesh optimize their IT costs. These services often provide cost-effective solutions compared to maintaining an in-house IT team.
- Government Initiatives: Bangladesh’s government may have policies and initiatives related to technology adoption and IT infrastructure development. Take advantage of government incentives or support programs.
IT professional, or simply interested in the technology landscape of Bangladesh, understanding managed IT services is important. These services can help businesses thrive and contribute to the overall growth and development of the country’s technology sector.
6 Benefits of Managed IT Services
Managed IT services offer numerous benefits to organizations of all sizes and across various industries. Here are six key advantages of using managed IT services:
Cost Efficiency:
- Managed IT services often operate on a subscription or pay-as-you-go model, allowing businesses to predict and control their IT costs more effectively. This eliminates the need for large upfront investments in hardware and personnel.
- Businesses can avoid the expenses associated with hiring and training in-house IT staff, including salaries, benefits, and ongoing professional development.
Proactive Monitoring:
- Managed IT service providers continuously monitor IT systems and networks, identifying and addressing potential issues before they escalate into critical problems.
- Proactive maintenance and updates ensure that systems run smoothly, reducing downtime and improving overall operational efficiency.
Access to Expertise:
- Managed IT service providers employ teams of skilled IT professionals with expertise in various technologies and domains.
- Businesses gain access to a wealth of knowledge and experience without the need to hire and retain such experts internally.
Enhanced Security:
- Managed IT service providers prioritize cybersecurity, implementing robust measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and regular security assessments.
- They help organizations stay ahead of evolving cyber threats and ensure compliance with industry-specific regulations.
Scalability and Flexibility:
- Managed IT services are designed to scale with an organization’s growth. Businesses can easily adjust their IT resources and services as needed, whether scaling up or down.
- Cloud-based solutions provide added flexibility, allowing for rapid deployment of resources and applications.
These benefits make managed IT services an attractive choice for organizations looking to streamline their IT operations, enhance security, control costs, and leverage the expertise of experienced professionals to support their business objectives.
Cost Savings and ROI with Managed IT Services
Cost savings and return on investment (ROI) when using managed IT services. Please note that the actual numbers will vary depending on the specific circumstances, organization size, and IT needs.
Metric | Before Managed IT Services | After Managed IT Services | Cost Savings | |
Annual IT Budget | $100,000 | $80,000 | $20,000 | 20% |
IT Downtime Costs (per year) | $50,000 | $10,000 | $40,000 | 80% |
IT Staff Salaries (per year) | $60,000 | $0 | $60,000 | 100% |
$20,000 | [$10,000 | $10,000 | 50% | |
Security Breach Costs (per year) | $30,000 | $5,000 | $25,000 | 83.33% |
The exact numbers will vary depending on the specific organization and the scope of managed IT services adopted. These figures should be regularly reviewed and adjusted based on actual performance and changes in IT needs.
Cybersecurity in Managed IT Services
Cybersecurity is a critical component of managed IT services. Managed IT service providers (MSPs) play a crucial role in helping organizations protect their digital assets and data from evolving cyber threats. Here’s how cybersecurity is integrated into managed IT services:
Threat Detection and Prevention:
- MSPs implement robust threat detection tools and technologies to identify and mitigate security threats in real-time.
- Intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and endpoint protection are commonly employed to prevent unauthorized access and malicious activities.
Regular Security Audits and Assessments:
- Managed IT service providers conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify weaknesses in the IT infrastructure.
- These assessments help in prioritizing security improvements and maintaining compliance with industry regulations.
Patch Management:
- MSPs ensure that software, operating systems, and applications are regularly patched and updated to address known vulnerabilities.
- Timely patch management helps prevent exploitation by cybercriminals.
Security Policy Development:
- Managed IT service providers assist organizations in developing comprehensive cybersecurity policies and procedures.
- These policies define best practices, user guidelines, and incident response protocols to maintain a secure environment.
Incident Response Planning:
- MSPs help organizations develop and document incident response plans to address security incidents swiftly and effectively.
- This includes procedures for reporting, containing, and recovering from security breaches.
Security Awareness Training:
- Employee training programs are offered to educate staff about cybersecurity best practices and the importance of safeguarding sensitive data.
- Training reduces the likelihood of human error leading to security breaches.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
- Managed IT service providers often recommend and implement MFA solutions to enhance authentication security.
- MFA adds an additional layer of protection beyond passwords.
These reports often include threat intelligence and recommendations for improvements.
Cybersecurity is an ongoing effort, and managed IT service providers play a critical role in helping organizations stay ahead of cyber threats.
Managing IT Services Can Help You Grow and Scale
Managed IT services can play a crucial role in enhancing scalability and fostering growth for businesses of all sizes. Here are ways in which managed IT services contribute to scalability and growth:
- Resource Flexibility: Managed IT services providers can quickly scale up or down the IT resources (servers, storage, network capacity) based on your business needs. This flexibility allows you to adapt to changes in demand without major upfront investments.
- Cost Control: Managed IT services often operate on a subscription or pay-as-you-go model, which can help you control costs. You can allocate resources more efficiently and avoid overprovisioning or underprovisioning.
- Improved Efficiency: Managed IT services providers typically have specialized tools and expertise that can optimize your IT environment. This efficiency can result in cost savings and better resource utilization.
- Enhanced Security: As your business grows, so does the complexity of security threats. Managed IT services often include robust cybersecurity measures to protect your data and assets, helping you grow securely.
- Disaster Recovery: Managed IT services providers often have disaster recovery and business continuity plans in place. This ensures that your operations can continue even in the face of unexpected disruptions, supporting growth and customer satisfaction.
- 24/7 Support: Many managed IT service providers offer round-the-clock support. This means your IT systems are monitored and supported at all times, reducing downtime and ensuring smooth operations.
Managed IT services can be a valuable strategic partner for businesses looking to scale and grow. They provide cost-effective, scalable, and expert-driven solutions that free up your internal resources to focus on innovation and core business activities.
Tech Trends and Strategies: Expert Opinions from IT Consultant Services
IT consultants are often at the forefront of identifying and implementing tech trends and strategies for businesses. Here are some expert opinions from IT consultants regarding current tech trends and strategies that can benefit businesses:
- Remote Work Technology: Remote work is here to stay. IT consultants suggest investing in collaboration tools, virtual private networks (VPNs), and secure remote access solutions to enable remote workforces to operate efficiently and securely.
- 5G Connectivity: The rollout of 5G networks opens new possibilities for businesses. Consultants advise exploring how faster and more reliable connectivity can enhance applications, such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and the Internet of Things (IoT).
- Customer-Centric Digital Transformation: Digital transformation should focus on improving the customer experience. IT consultants recommend using technology to personalize interactions, offer self-service options, and gather feedback to continuously enhance customer satisfaction.
- Hybrid IT Environments: Many businesses are adopting hybrid IT environments, combining on-premises infrastructure with cloud resources. IT consultants can help develop strategies to optimize this hybrid setup for performance, security, and cost-efficiency.
- Continuous Learning and Skill Development: Keeping IT staff up-to-date with the latest technologies is crucial. Consultants recommend investing in employee training and development programs to ensure that the IT team can effectively implement and manage new technologies.
These expert opinions from IT consultants underscore the dynamic nature of the technology landscape. Consulting with experts in the field can be instrumental in making informed technology decisions.
Managed IT Services Vs. Traditional IT Support
Aspect | Managed IT Services | Traditional IT Support |
Cost Structure | Predictable monthly subscription or pay-as-you-go model | Hourly rates or per-incident billing, leading to cost variability |
Availability | 24/7 monitoring and support | Typically operates during regular business hours; limited after-hours support |
Scalability | Easily scalable, resources can be added or removed as needed | Limited scalability; resource constraints may exist |
Security Focus | Emphasis on robust cybersecurity measures and threat prevention | Security may be a secondary concern; reactive security measures |
Cost Predictability | Predictable and consistent monthly costs | Variable and unpredictable costs |
Managed IT services and traditional IT support can vary based on the service provider or in-house team’s capabilities. The choice between the two depends on the organization’s unique requirements, budget, and priorities.
The Impact of Managed Information Technology Services on Businesses
Managed Information Technology (IT) Services have had a profound impact on businesses in recent years. The impact of managed IT services on businesses can be seen in several key areas:
- Cost Efficiency: One of the primary benefits of managed IT services is cost reduction. Instead of investing heavily in in-house IT infrastructure and staff, businesses can pay a predictable monthly fee for IT services.
- Focus on Core Competencies: Outsourcing IT management allows businesses to focus on their core competencies and strategic initiatives. It frees up time and resources that can be redirected towards improving products or services, expanding market reach, and increasing competitiveness.
- Scalability: Managed IT services are highly scalable. Businesses can easily scale up or down their IT resources based on their changing needs. This flexibility is especially important for startups and small businesses that may not have the resources for a large in-house IT department.
- Expertise and Access to Technology: Managed IT service providers have access to the latest technologies and a team of experts with specialized knowledge. This ensures that businesses benefit from cutting-edge solutions and best practices in IT management.
- Enhanced Security: Cybersecurity is a growing concern for businesses. Managed IT service providers typically offer robust security solutions, including firewall management, intrusion detection, and data backup and recovery, which help protect businesses from cyber threats.
However, it’s important to note that the impact of managed IT services can vary depending on the specific needs and circumstances of each business.
Additionally, ongoing communication and collaboration between the business and the managed IT service provider are essential for maximizing the benefits of this arrangement.
Fintech Services Success Story: Managed IT Services
Here’s a fintech services success story illustrating how a financial institution benefited from implementing managed IT services:
Challenges Faced
ABC Bank dealt with a growing number of cybersecurity threats and data breaches. They needed a robust security strategy to protect customer data and comply with industry regulations.
- Operational Inefficiencies: The bank’s IT team was often overwhelmed with routine maintenance tasks, leaving little time for innovation and strategic projects. This resulted in operational inefficiencies and increased downtime.
- Scalability: As the bank expanded its branch network and online services, they needed an IT infrastructure that could scale rapidly to accommodate increased customer demand without incurring excessive costs.
The Solution: Managed IT Services
ABC Bank decided to partner with XYZ Managed IT Services, a reputable provider with a track record of supporting financial institutions. Here’s how managed IT services transformed their operations:
- Enhanced Cybersecurity: XYZ implemented state-of-the-art cybersecurity measures, including firewall management, real-time threat detection, and employee training. This resulted in a significant reduction in security incidents and a boost in customer trust.
- Proactive Monitoring and Maintenance: The managed IT services provider proactively monitored the bank’s IT infrastructure, addressing potential issues before they could disrupt operations. This led to a substantial decrease in downtime, ensuring uninterrupted customer service.
Strategic Focus: With routine IT tasks offloaded to the managed services provider, ABC Bank’s IT team could focus on strategic initiatives. They implemented cutting-edge technology solutions like mobile banking apps and personalized customer experiences, enhancing their competitiveness.
The Pros and Cons of Remote Work Solutions
Here’s a table summarizing the pros and cons of remote work solutions:
Pros of Remote Work Solutions | Cons of Remote Work Solutions |
Flexibility and Work-Life Balance | Isolation and Loneliness |
Cost Savings | Communication Challenges |
Wider Talent Pool | Security Risks |
Increased Productivity | Work-Life Boundaries |
Business Continuity | Management Challenges |
Environmental Benefits | Technical Issues |
The impact of these pros and cons can vary depending on the specific organization, industry, and individual circumstances. Employers and employees should carefully consider these factors when implementing or evaluating remote work solutions.
Why Managed IT Services Are a Game-Changer for Business?
Managed IT services have become a game-changer for businesses across various industries due to their ability to provide strategic, cost-effective, and scalable solutions to complex technology challenges. Here are several reasons why managed IT services are considered a game-changer for business:
I) Cost Efficiency: Managed IT services typically operate on a subscription or service-based model, allowing businesses to predict and control their IT expenditures. This eliminates the need for significant upfront capital investments in hardware and software.
II) Access to Expertise: Managed IT service providers are staffed with highly skilled and certified professionals who specialize in various IT domains. Businesses can leverage this expertise without the expense and effort of recruiting and retaining a full in-house IT team.
III) Scalability: As businesses grow or experience fluctuations in their technology needs, managed IT services can quickly scale their services up or down. This flexibility allows businesses to adapt to changing circumstances without the hassle of acquiring or disposing of hardware and software assets.
VI) Focus on Core Competencies: By outsourcing IT management and support to experts, businesses can redirect their internal resources and attention to their core competencies and strategic objectives. This allows them to be more competitive and innovative in their respective industries.
VII) Proactive Monitoring and Maintenance: Managed IT service providers employ proactive monitoring tools to identify and address IT issues before they become critical problems. This reduces downtime and ensures that IT systems are operating efficiently.
VIII) Security and Compliance: Managed IT services prioritize cybersecurity, helping businesses protect sensitive data and systems from cyber threats. They implement robust security measures, conduct regular security audits.
XI) 24/7 Support: Many managed IT service providers offer round-the-clock support, ensuring that businesses have access to assistance at any time. This is particularly important for companies operating globally or those with critical systems that require constant availability.
X) Technology Innovation: Managed IT service providers stay up-to-date with the latest technology trends and innovations. They can help businesses adopt new technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and automation.
Managed IT services are a game-changer for businesses because they offer cost-effective, scalable, and expert-driven IT solutions. By outsourcing IT management to trusted providers and ability to innovate, ultimately gaining a competitive edge in their markets.
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity in Managed IT Services
Disaster recovery (DR) and business continuity (BC) are critical components of managed IT services. Here’s how managed IT services address disaster recovery and business continuity:
Risk Assessment and Planning:
Managed IT service providers start by conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities to your IT infrastructure and data.
Failover and Redundancy:
Managed IT services provide failover and redundancy solutions to minimize downtime. This involves duplicating critical systems and applications in real-time or near-real-time so that if one system fails, another takes over seamlessly.
Continuous Monitoring:
Managed IT services include 24/7 monitoring of your IT infrastructure. Any issues or anomalies are detected promptly, allowing for quick response and mitigation to prevent disruptions.
Cloud-Based Solutions:
Many managed IT service providers offer cloud-based disaster recovery solutions, allowing for rapid and cost-effective data and application recovery in the cloud.
Customized Solutions:
Managed IT services are tailored to the unique needs of your business. The level of redundancy, backup frequency, and recovery options can be customized to fit your budget and risk tolerance.
Managed IT services are instrumental in ensuring the resilience and continuity of your business operations. They combine proactive planning, robust technology solutions, and expert guidance to minimize the impact of disruptions and protect your business from data loss and downtime.
Cloud Computing Solutions in Managed IT Services
Cloud computing solutions are an integral part of managed IT services. They offer businesses a wide range of benefits, including scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and improved accessibility. Managed IT service providers leverage cloud technology to enhance their offerings in several key areas:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
Managed IT services often include IaaS solutions that allow businesses to rent IT infrastructure such as virtual machines, storage, and networking resources from cloud providers like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
- Multi-Cloud Strategies:
Managed IT service providers assist businesses in designing and implementing hybrid or multi-cloud strategies, allowing them to leverage a combination of public and private cloud resources.
- Cloud Migration Services:
Managed IT services often include cloud migration services, helping businesses move their existing applications and data to the cloud. Migration services ensure a smooth transition while minimizing disruptions.
Incorporating cloud computing solutions into managed IT services allows businesses to harness the power of the cloud while benefiting from expert management, security, and cost optimization. It also provides the agility needed to adapt to changing business requirements and technological advancements.
Here Are The Best Practices Of Managed IT Services
Managed IT services providers follow several best practices to ensure they deliver high-quality and reliable IT solutions and support to their clients. Here are some key best practices in the managed IT services industry:
1. Client Needs Assessment:
- Understand the client’s business, industry, and specific IT needs.
- Conduct a thorough assessment of the client’s existing IT infrastructure and systems.
2. Security Best Practices:
- Implement robust cybersecurity measures, including firewalls, antivirus software, intrusion detection, and regular security audits.
- Educate clients and end-users about cybersecurity best practices.
3. Cost Optimization:
- Monitor and manage IT costs to ensure that resources are used efficiently.
- Identify opportunities for cost savings without compromising performance or security.
4. Proactive Problem Resolution:
- Identify recurring issues and proactively address root causes to prevent future incidents.
- Implement ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) best practices for incident and problem management.
5. Disaster Response and Recovery:
- Maintain a clear and well-documented plan for responding to IT emergencies and disasters.
- Ensure rapid recovery and minimal downtime in case of disruptions.
These best practices help managed IT services providers deliver reliable, secure, and cost-effective IT solutions that align with their clients’ business objectives and support their growth and success.
Tips for Maximizing Managed IT Services
Maximizing the value of managed IT services is crucial for businesses looking to improve their technology infrastructure and optimize their operations. Here are some tips to help you get the most out of your managed IT services:
- Clearly Define Your Goals and Needs:
Start by outlining your specific IT goals and needs. What do you want to achieve with managed IT services? Understanding your objectives will help your provider tailor their services to your requirements.
- Choose the Right Managed IT Services Provider:
Conduct thorough research to select a reputable and experienced managed IT services provider. Look for a provider with a strong track record and expertise in your industry.
- Employee Training and Awareness:
Ensure your employees are educated about the managed IT services in use. They should be aware of security best practices and how to report IT issues promptly.
- Backup and Disaster Recovery Planning:
Work with your provider to establish robust backup and disaster recovery plans. Regularly test these plans to ensure data integrity and rapid recovery in case of a disaster.
- Budget and Cost Management:
Understand the costs associated with managed IT services and make sure they align with your budget. Discuss pricing with your provider and explore options for cost optimization.
- Stay Informed About Technology Trends:
Keep yourself informed about the latest technology trends and how they might impact your business. Your provider can help you stay up to date and leverage new technologies when appropriate.
By following these tips and maintaining a collaborative relationship with your managed IT services provider, you can maximize the value they bring to your organization and keep your technology infrastructure running smoothly.
The Future of Managed IT Services
The future of managed IT services is expected to be shaped by several key trends and developments. While it’s impossible to predict the future with certainty, the following are some of the likely directions in which managed IT services will evolve:
- Increased Automation:
Automation and artificial intelligence will play a significant role in managed IT services. Routine tasks like system monitoring and security patch management will increasingly be automated, allowing IT staff to focus on more strategic and complex tasks.
- Security and Compliance Focus:
Cybersecurity will remain a top priority. Managed IT service providers will place an even greater emphasis on proactive threat detection and response, as well as helping businesses comply with increasingly complex data protection regulations.
- Hybrid Workforce Support:
With the rise of remote and hybrid work arrangements, managed IT services will evolve to provide seamless support for distributed workforces. This includes secure remote access, collaboration tools, and endpoint security.
- IoT Management:
The Internet of Things (IoT) will continue to grow, and managed IT services will expand to include IoT device management, data analytics, and integration into business processes.
- Data Analytics and Insights:
Managed IT service providers will offer advanced data analytics and reporting to help businesses derive actionable insights from their IT infrastructure and make data-driven decisions.
The future of managed IT services will be marked by ongoing innovation and adaptation to the evolving IT landscape. Businesses will rely on managed IT services to navigate the complexities of technology while focusing on their core objectives and maintaining a competitive edge.
Conclusion
The future of managed IT services holds great promise as technology continues to advance and businesses increasingly rely on digital infrastructure for their operations.
Key trends in this evolving landscape include automation and AI integration, a shift toward cloud-centric services, management of edge computing, heightened focus on cybersecurity and compliance, support for remote and hybrid workforces, and the management of IoT devices and data analytics.
Managed IT service providers are expected to offer increasingly customized and personalized solutions to meet the unique needs of their clients, while also integrating their services with other business functions.
Sustainability and green IT practices, as well as preparedness for emerging technologies like quantum computing and blockchain, will be areas of growing importance.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Managed IT Services:
1. What types of businesses benefit from Managed IT Services?
Managed IT Services can benefit businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large enterprises. They are especially valuable for organizations that want to focus on their core business functions while leaving IT management to experts.
2. What services are typically included in Managed IT Services?
Managed IT Services can vary, but they often include services like network monitoring, cybersecurity, data backup and recovery, help desk support, hardware and software management, and strategic IT planning.
3. How do Managed IT Services providers charge for their services?
Managed IT Services providers usually charge a monthly or annual fee based on the scope and scale of services required. The pricing model can vary, with some providers offering tiered plans or customized solutions.
4. How can Managed IT Services improve cybersecurity?
Managed IT Services providers often implement advanced cybersecurity measures, including intrusion detection, firewall management, regular security audits, and employee training. This helps protect businesses from cyber threats and data breaches.
5. Can Managed IT Services providers support remote work environments?
Yes, many Managed IT Services providers have experience supporting remote work solutions, including secure remote access, collaboration tools, and virtual private networks (VPNs).
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